Seismic amplifications from offshore to shore     

《Applied Ocean Research》2015

The objective of this study is to determine numerical estimations of seismic amplifications of waves traveling from offshore to shore considering the effect of sea floor configurations. According to the Boundary Element Method, boundary elements were used to irradiate waves and density force can be determined for each element. From this hypothesis, Huygens’ Principle is implemented since diffracted waves are constructed at the boundary from which they are radiated and this is equivalent to Somigliana's theorem. Application of boundary conditions leads to determine a system of integral equations of Fredholm type of second kind, which is solved by the Gaussian method. Various numerical models were analyzed, a first one was used to validate the proposed formulation and some other models were used to show various ideal sea floor configurations to estimate seismic amplifications. Once the formulation was validated, basic slope configurations were studied for estimating spectra of seismic amplifications for various sea floor materials. In general terms, compressional waves (P-waves) can produce seismic amplifications of the incident wave in the order of 2–5. On the other hand, distortional waves (S-waves) can produce amplifications up to 5.5 times the incident wave. A relevant finding is that the highest seismic amplifications due to an offshore earthquake are always located near the shore-line and not offshore despite the seafloor configuration.  相似文献   

粤西沿海一次赤潮事件的三维观测     

谢玲玲  陈清香  胡建宇  张书文  伊小飞  陈法锦  邓锐  邓晓东  王静  齐义泉 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(1):159-161

From November 24 to 26, 2014, a red tide event occurred in the offshore water off the Hailing Island located at the western Guangdong coast. The red tide appeared as pink strips distributed within 3 km in the offshore water and extended for about 10 km along the shoreline. During the flood tide, the pink seawater rushed to the beach with breaking waves, forming foam strips on the beach. Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Coastal Ocean Variation and Disaster Prediction Technologies, Guangdong Ocean University, emergently responded to the event and organized three-dimensional observations from the air, onboard and on beach. The preliminary analyses of the cruise data and water samples indicate that the event was induced by nontoxic Noctiluca scintillans, of which the concentration reaches as high as 4 200 cells/L near the surface and 2 600 cells/L at the bottom.  相似文献   

港口及临港工业围填海规模综合评价研究     

刘佰琼  徐敏  刘晴 《海洋科学》2015,39(6):81-87

针对港口及临港工业围填海的特点,运用多目标决策理论与方法,构建了港口及临港工业围填海规模评价指标体系,包括现状评定和综合影响两类评价因子,包含自然条件、社会经济条件、资源环境影响、效益评估四类评价要素,共计15个评价指标。并根据成本型、效益型和固定型指标的特点提出了各自的标准化方法,采用主客观综合赋权法确定评价因子的权重,采用线性加权和法计算港口及临港工业围填海规模方案的综合得分,以此为依据确定围填海规模的适宜程度和适宜等级。以江苏辐射沙洲半岛式浅滩腰沙为例,运用港口及临港工业围填海规模综合评价方法,确定腰沙海域最佳的港口及临港工业围填海规模为理论基面+3.0 m。提出的研究方法能够为沿海省市港口及临港工业围填海规模评价提供参考和方法借鉴,对于围填海规模决策和围填海总量控制指标的制定具有重要意义。  相似文献   

碳纳米管和纳米二氧化钛复合光催化剂处理海洋柴油污染的研究     

吴云英  于晓彩  金晓杰  尹丹妮  尚晓琳  薛冠华 《海洋技术学报》2015,34(5):104-108

利用溶胶凝胶法自制了碳纳米管和纳米二氧化钛的复合光催化剂,采用投射电子显微镜和X光衍射仪对粉体的粒径、物象、形貌和热稳定性等进行表征。通过研究光照条件、催化剂的投加量、油的初始浓度、催化剂制备的煅烧条件等因素,考察了自制碳纳米管和纳米二氧化钛的复合催化剂对降解模拟海洋柴油污染的海水去除率的影响。研究发现,在可见光照条件下,400℃煅烧2 h的复合催化剂,投加量为0.4 g/L、柴油的初始浓度为0.6 g/L、反应的光照时间为4 h时效果最好,去除率可达到67.65%。  相似文献   

In vitro screening for endocrine disruptive activity in selected South African harbours and river mouths     

JC Truter  JH van Wyk  BK Newman 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(4):567-574

Various waterborne anthropogenic contaminants disrupt the endocrine systems of wildlife and humans, targeting reproductive pathways, among others. Very little is known, however, regarding the occurrence of endocrine disruptive activity in South African freshwater ecosystems, and coastal ecosystems have not been studied in this regard. In a first attempt to investigate endocrine disruptive activity in South African coastal waters, surface water samples collected from harbours, river mouths and estuaries in three metropolitan municipalities, eThekwini (which includes Durban), Nelson Mandela (specifically Port Elizabeth Harbour) and City of Cape Town, were screened for (anti) oestrogenicity and (anti)androgenicity using recombinant yeast bioassays. Moreover, levels of the female hormone 17β-(o)estradiol (E2) were determined in all samples, as well as a selection of hydrocarbons in the eThekwini samples. A high proportion of samples collected from eThekwini were oestrogenic, whereas none from Port Elizabeth Harbour and only a single river mouth sampled in the City of Cape Town were oestrogenic. E2 was detected in all the samples tested, but at higher concentrations at the eThekwini and City of Cape Town localities than Port Elizabeth Harbour. In addition, the recombinant yeast assays revealed that anti-androgenicity was widespread, being detected in the majority of samples screened apart from those representing Port Elizabeth Harbour. Conversely, no anti-oestrogenic or androgenic activity was detected. Anti-androgenicity did not associate with hydrocarbon loads, providing evidence that other anti-androgens were responsible for the observed activity. The present data suggest potential reproductive disruption in marine and estuarine fauna inhabiting the eThekwini and City of Cape Town regions.  相似文献   

多角度偏振遥感在水体油污染监测中的优势分析     

罗杨洁  朱俊 《国土资源遥感》2011,(3):32-36

为了更好地进行水体油污染监测,首先简要介绍了多角度偏振探测技术,然后着重分析了水体油污染目标的偏振特性,同时从目标地物反射光谱的偏振探测机理出发,讨论了它们偏振光谱的空间特征,并总结出3条普适规律.结果显示:偏振光谱信息与强度辐射光谱信息相比,目标地物间反射光谱的微小差异得到了增强,且在大角度入射时,增强效果更为明显....  相似文献   

基于HJ-1遥感数据的矿区水体污染监测与分析——以龙岩紫金山金铜矿为例     

陈绍杰  陈颖  杜培军  柳思聪 《四川测绘》2011,(6):252-255

矿产资源的持续开采与加工利用使得矿区周边水资源受到的污染日趋严重,急需采用先进技术对水污染进行监测分析,遥感技术是水环境监测最为有效的技术之一。利用国产环境一号小卫星多光谱遥感影像数据,针对福建省龙岩市紫金山矿区不同时相的数据进行水质遥感监测。利用近红外单波段阈值分割法提取悬浮物浓度信息,基于矿区酸碱性水体光谱曲线特性采用342波段假彩色合成影像,采用SVM分类方法进行分类,判别矿区水体酸碱性以及分析水体受污染程度变化和污染源。结果表明,研究区汀江水体2008年呈现碱性,2010年呈现弱碱性,水质在研究时段内得到一定的改善,但在选矿厂与矿区附近的水体中仍含有大量重金属沉积物。  相似文献   

基于极化相干矩阵的河流水质污染监测初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈炯  贾海峰  杨健  陈玉荣 《遥感学报》2011,15(5):1065-1078

利用遥感手段监测水质污染具有监测范围广、实时性强的优点。本研究选择中国南方地区水质变化明显的河流区域作为研究对象,利用C波段星载极化合成孔径雷达(极化SAR)卫星RADARSAT-2提供的数据,对基于极化SAR的河流水质污染监测技术进行了初步研究。首先介绍了电磁波的极化现象以及极化SAR的基本原理;其次结合一次同步测量实验,提取河流区域,并对极化SAR数据与水质常见监测指标的监测数据进行对比分析,通过对10个采样点18组数据的分析发现,极化相干矩阵中的T 22元素与部分水质指标(如五日生化需氧量BOD₅等)具有较强的相关性,从而反映水质的污染状况;并通过实测数据和最小二乘法,拟合得到了利用[T]矩阵元素反演BOD₅的经验公式,拟合系数达到0.82。最后通过对地表散射模型和菲涅尔系数的分析,从理论上探讨了极化相干矩阵中部分元素与水体物理性质存在相关性的原因。初步理论分析和实验数据表明,T 22元素能够反映水体的污染状况。  相似文献   

哈尔滨市冬末逆温、大气稳定度与大气污染概率关系     

庞博  汪喜江 《黑龙江气象》2011,28(2):7-9,11

利用2006～2008年2月逐日地面常规观测资料和高空探测资料以及逐日的污染监测资料,统计分析了哈尔滨市2月风速、逆温和大气稳定度与大气污染的概率关系。分析结果表明：哈尔滨市2月的大气污染主要发生在风速〈3 m/s,污染物浓度随着风速的增大而减小,在一定程度上反映了哈尔滨市2月的污染主要是局地污染物的累积;发生大气污染时一定有逆温出现,但有逆温时不一定就发生大气污染;大气稳定度增加,大气污染概率增大。  相似文献   

Uncertainty assessment for watershed water quality modeling: A Probabilistic Collocation Method based approach     

Yi Zheng  Weiming WangFeng Han  Jing Ping 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(7):887-898

Watershed water quality models are increasingly used in management. However, simulations by such complex models often involve significant uncertainty, especially those for non-conventional pollutants which are often poorly monitored. This study first proposed an integrated framework for watershed water quality modeling. Within this framework, Probabilistic Collocation Method (PCM) was then applied to a WARMF model of diazinon pollution to assess the modeling uncertainty. Based on PCM, a global sensitivity analysis method named PCM-VD (VD stands for variance decomposition) was also developed, which quantifies variance contribution of all uncertain parameters. The study results validated the applicability of PCM and PCM-VD to the WARMF model. The PCM-based approach is much more efficient, regarding computational time, than conventional Monte Carlo methods. It has also been demonstrated that analysis using the PCM-based approach could provide insights into data collection, model structure improvement and management practices. It was concluded that the PCM-based approach could play an important role in watershed water quality modeling, as an alternative to conventional Monte Carlo methods to account for parametric uncertainty and uncertainty propagation.  相似文献